A further account of Glubbdubdrib. Ancient and modern history corrected. 继续描述格勒大锥概况；古今历史修正。
Having a desire to see those ancients who were most renowned for wit and learning, I set apart one day on purpose. I proposed that Homer and Aristotle might appear at the head of all their commentators; but these were so numerous, that some hundreds were forced to attend in the court, and outward rooms of the palace. I knew, and could distinguish those two heroes, at first sight, not only from the crowd, but from each other. Homer was the taller and comelier person of the two, walked very erect for one of his age, and his eyes were the most quick and piercing I ever beheld. Aristotle stooped much, and made use of a staff. His visage was meagre, his hair lank and thin, and his voice hollow. I soon discovered that both of them were perfect strangers to the rest of the company, and had never seen or heard of them before; and I had a whisper from a ghost who shall be nameless, "that these commentators always kept in the most distant quarters from their principals, in the lower world, through a consciousness of shame and guilt, because they had so horribly misrepresented the meaning of those authors to posterity. " I introduced Didymus and Eustathius to Homer, and prevailed on him to treat them better than perhaps they deserved, for he soon found they wanted a genius to enter into the spirit of a poet. But Aristotle was out of all patience with the account I gave him of Scotus and Ramus, as I presented them to him; and he asked them "whether the rest of the tribe were as great dunces as themselves." 我很想见一见古代那些最著名的圣贤和学者，为此特地安排了一天时间。我请求召见荷马和亚里士多德，还有所有评论过他们的人，但是人数实在太多了，有几百人只好在院子和几间外殿里侍候。我只看一眼就认出了两位伟人，不但能够从人群当中把他们认出来，也能把他俩清楚地分开。两人中，荷马长得更高大、俊美，像他这么大年纪的人，走起路来身子算是挺得很直的了。他的双眼是我见过的所有人当中最机警、最锐利的。亚里士多德腰弯得厉害，拄着一根拐杖。他容貌清瘦，头发又稀又长，嗓音低沉。我很快就发现两人并不认识其余的人，而且以前从来都没有见过也没有听说过这些人。有一位不便提及姓名的鬼魂，悄悄地跟我讲，这些评注家在阴间总是躲在离两位作家最远的地方，因为心中的羞愧和负罪感。他们向后世介绍的时候，把作者的意思完全解释错了，因此羞愧难当。我将狄迪莫斯和尤斯塔修斯介绍给荷马，并劝他对他俩好一点；不过也许不值得对他们好一点，因为荷马很快看出他们缺乏进入诗人精神境界的天赋。而当我把斯科特斯和雷默斯介绍给亚里士多德时，他一听我的介绍就很不耐烦了；他问他们说，这一伙当中是不是别的人也都和他们一样，全是一些大笨蛋。
I then desired the governor to call up Descartes and Gassendi, with whom I prevailed to explain their systems to Aristotle. This great philosopher freely acknowledged his own mistakes in natural philosophy, because he proceeded in many things upon conjecture, as all men must do; and he found that Gassendi, who had made the doctrine of Epicurus as palatable as he could, and the vortices of Descartes, were equally to be exploded. He predicted the same fate to attraction, whereof the present learned are such zealous asserters. He said, "that new systems of nature were but new fashions, which would vary in every age; and even those, who pretend to demonstrate them from mathematical principles, would flourish but a short period of time, and be out of vogue when that was determined. " 接着我又请长官把德卡尔特和伽桑狄召来，劝他们把自己的思想体系解释给亚里士多德听。这位伟大的哲学家坦率地承认自己在自然哲学方面所犯的错误，因为他像所有的人一样，许多事情上都是妄加推测。他发现，竭力宣扬伊壁鸠鲁学说的伽桑狄和德卡尔特的涡动说一样都被推翻了。他预言，当代学者那么热衷的万有引力学说也将遭到同样的命运。他说大自然新的体系只不过是暂时的一种新风尚，这种风尚在每个时代都会发生变化，就是那些自以为能用数学原理来证明这些体系的人，也只能在短期内盛行，一旦有了定论也就不再流行了。
I spent five days in conversing with many others of the ancient learned. I saw most of the first Roman emperors. I prevailed on the governor to call up Heliogabalus's cooks to dress us a dinner, but they could not show us much of their skill, for want of materials. A helot of Agesilaus made us a dish of Spartan broth, but I was not able to get down a second spoonful. 我又用了五天时间同许多其他古代的学者进行了交谈。我见到了大部分罗马早期的皇帝。我劝说长官把拉加巴路斯的厨师召来给我们做一桌筵席，但由于缺乏材料，也没显示出他们的本领来。阿格西劳斯的一个奴隶给我们做了一盆斯巴达式肉汤，但是我喝了一勺就再也喝不下去了。
The two gentlemen, who conducted me to the island, were pressed by their private affairs to return in three days, which I employed in seeing some of the modern dead, who had made the greatest figure, for two or three hundred years past, in our own and other countries of Europe; and having been always a great admirer of old illustrious families, I desired the governor would call up a dozen or two of kings, with their ancestors in order for eight or nine generations. But my disappointment was grievous and unexpected. For, instead of a long train with royal diadems, I saw in one family two fiddlers, three spruce courtiers, and an Italian prelate. In another, a barber, an abbot, and two cardinals. I have too great a veneration for crowned heads, to dwell any longer on so nice a subject. But as to counts, marquises, dukes, earls, and the like, I was not so scrupulous. And I confess, it was not without some pleasure, that I found myself able to trace the particular features, by which certain families are distinguished, up to their originals. I could plainly discover whence one family derives a long chin; why a second has abounded with knaves for two generations, and fools for two more; why a third happened to be crackbrained, and a fourth to be sharpers; whence it came, what Polydore Virgil says of a certain great house, "Nec vir fortis, nec foemina casta;" how cruelty, falsehood, and cowardice, grew to be characteristics by which certain families are distinguished as much as by their coats of arms; who first brought the pox into a noble house, which has lineally descended scrofulous tumours to their posterity. Neither could I wonder at all this, when I saw such an interruption of lineages, by pages, lackeys, valets, coachmen, gamesters, fiddlers, players, captains, and pickpockets. 陪我来到这岛上的两位先生因为急于办理一些私事，三天之后就得回去，我就在这三天时间见了一些近代死去的名人，他们都是过去两三百年中我国和欧洲其他一些国家最显赫一时的人物。因为我一向对名门望族十分崇拜，就请求长官把一二十位国王连同他们的八九代祖宗一起召来。但是令我大失所望的是，我在长长的皇族世系中见到的并不是全都头戴皇冠；在一个家族里，我竟发现有两名提琴师、三名衣冠楚楚的朝臣和一名意大利教长。在另一个家族中，我所见到的则是一名理发匠、一名修道院院长和两名红衣主教。因为我对戴皇冠的人太尊敬了，所以这么一个微妙的话题就不便再叙述下去了。不过对于公爵、侯爵、伯爵、子爵之流，我就顾不上那么多了。我承认，发现自己能够追溯到某些家族之所以成为名门望族的特征，追溯到源头，这使我很是得意。我看得清清楚楚，这个家族的长下巴是如何得来的；那个家族为什么有两代总出恶棍，再传下去两代又尽是傻子；第三个家族的人为什么都疯疯癫癫；为何第四家人又偏偏全是骗子；怎会像波利多尔·弗吉尔说到某家名门时所讲的那样：“男子不勇敢，女子不贞洁。”残暴、欺诈、懦弱怎么会成了一些家族的特征，而这些特征竟跟他们的盾牌徽章同样出名呢；是什么人第一次给一个高贵的家族带来了梅毒，由此代代相传使后代都生上淋巴结核的毒瘤。我看到皇家族谱中断原来是因为出了这些仆人、佣人、走卒、车夫、赌棍、琴师、戏子、军人和扒手，对以上种种也就一点不觉得奇怪了。
I was chiefly disgusted with modern history. For having strictly examined all the persons of greatest name in the courts of princes, for a hundred years past, I found how the world had been misled by prostitute writers, to ascribe the greatest exploits in war, to cowards; the wisest counsel, to fools; sincerity, to flatterers; Roman virtue, to betrayers of their country; piety, to atheists; chastity, to sodomites; truth, to informers; how many innocent and excellent persons had been condemned to death or banishment by the practising of great ministers upon the corruption of judges, and the malice of factions; how many villains had been exalted to the highest places of trust, power, dignity, and profit; how great a share in the motions and events of courts, councils, and senates might be challenged by bawds, whores, pimps, parasites, and buffoons. How low an opinion I had of human wisdom and integrity, when I was truly informed of the springs and motives of great enterprises and revolutions in the world, and of the contemptible accidents to which they owed their success. 最令我作呕的是现代历史。我仔细观察了一下百年来君王宫廷里所有大人物，发现世界真是被一帮娼妓一样的作家误导了！把最伟大的战功归给懦夫，把最聪明的建议归给傻瓜，把真诚给阿谀奉迎的人，把古罗马人的美德给卖国贼，把虔诚给无神论者，把贞洁给鸡奸者，把真理给告密者。多少无辜而杰出的好人，由于大臣影响了腐败的法官，党派倾轧，被处死或者流放在外。多少恶棍爬上了最高职位，受信任、享大权、尊贵，有钱有利。朝廷、枢密院和参议院里发生的大事和那里大臣们搞的活动，有多少可以同鸨母、妓女、皮条客、社会寄生虫和小丑的行为相媲美啊！当我真正得知世界上的伟大事业和革命事业的动机，还有他们取得成功也只不过靠了一些可鄙的偶然事件时，我对人类的智慧和正直是多么的鄙夷啊！
Here I discovered the roguery and ignorance of those who pretend to write anecdotes, or secret history; who send so many kings to their graves with a cup of poison; will repeat the discourse between a prince and chief minister, where no witness was by; unlock the thoughts and cabinets of ambassadors and secretaries of state; and have the perpetual misfortune to be mistaken. Here I discovered the true causes of many great events that have surprised the world; how a whore can govern the back-stairs, the back-stairs a council, and the council a senate. A general confessed, in my presence, "that he got a victory purely by the force of cowardice and ill conduct;" and an admiral, "that, for want of proper intelligence, he beat the enemy, to whom he intended to betray the fleet." Three kings protested to me, "that in their whole reigns they never did once prefer any person of merit, unless by mistake, or treachery of some minister in whom they confided; neither would they do it if they were to live again;" and they showed, with great strength of reason, "that the royal throne could not be supported without corruption, because that positive, confident, restive temper, which virtue infused into a man, was a perpetual clog to public business." 我在这里还发现，那些装模作样要写什么轶闻秘史的人原是多么的诡诈而无知。他们把许多国王都用一杯毒药送进了坟墓；还会重复君王和首相在无人在场时的谈话；还能打开驻外使节和国务大臣的思想和密室；还有永远弄错了的不幸。这里我还发现了许多震惊世界的大事的背后秘密的：一名妓女怎么把持着后门的楼梯，后门的楼梯怎么把持着枢密院，枢密院又怎么把持了上议院。一位将军在我面前忏悔，他打过的一次胜仗完全是由于他的怯懦和指挥无方；一位海军大将说，因为缺乏正确的情报本打算率舰队投敌，谁知却打败了敌人。三位国王对我明言，他们在位期间从来就没有提拔过一个有功之人，除非是一时弄错或者中了某个亲信大臣的诡计；他们就是再世，也不会这么做的。他们提出了充足的理由来证明：不腐化，皇位就保不住，因为道德灌输给人的那种积极、自信和刚强的性格对办理公务是一种永久的阻碍。
I had the curiosity to inquire in a particular manner, by what methods great numbers had procured to themselves high titles of honour, and prodigious estates; and I confined my inquiry to a very modern period; however, without grating upon present times, because I would be sure to give no offence even to foreigners (for I hope the reader need not be told, that I do not in the least intend my own country, in what I say upon this occasion), a great number of persons concerned were called up; and, upon a very slight examination, discovered such a scene of infamy, that I cannot reflect upon it without some seriousness. Perjury, oppression, subornation, fraud, pandarism, and the like infirmities, were among the most excusable arts they had to mention; and for these I gave, as it was reasonable, great allowance. But when some confessed they owed their greatness and wealth to sodomy, or incest; others, to the prostituting of their own wives and daughters; others, to the betraying of their country or their prince; some, to poisoning; more to the perverting of justice, in order to destroy the innocent: I hope I may be pardoned, if these discoveries inclined me a little to abate of that profound veneration, which I am naturally apt to pay to persons of high rank, who ought to be treated with the utmost respect due to their sublime dignity, by us their inferiors. 我由于好奇，就特别问起他们，这么多人获取高官贵爵和巨大产业具体用的是什么手段。我的提问只限于近代，不触及当代，因为我得保证做到即使是外国人也不能冒犯。（我想就不必向读者解释了，我这里所说的没有一点是针对我的祖国来的）大量有关的人物都被召唤来了。我只稍微一调查就发现景象真是一片狼藉，以致我每每想起都免不了心情严肃。伪证、欺压、唆使、欺诈、拉皮条等等罪行还算是他们所提到的中最可以原谅的手段，这些毕竟还说得过去，我也就宽宏地原谅了他们。可是，当有人承认，他们伟大富贵都是因为自己鸡奸和乱伦，有的则强迫自己的妻女去卖淫，有的是背叛祖国或者君王，有的是给人下毒药，更有人为了消灭无辜滥用法律，不免要使我减少对他们的崇敬，我这么做希望大家能够原谅。他们这些地位高贵的人仪表堂皇，本该受到我们这些卑贱的人的尊敬的。
I had often read of some great services done to princes and states, and desired to see the persons by whom those services were performed. Upon inquiry I was told, "that their names were to be found on no record, except a few of them, whom history has represented as the vilest of rogues and traitors." As to the rest, I had never once heard of them. They all appeared with dejected looks, and in the meanest habit; most of them telling me, "they died in poverty and disgrace, and the rest on a scaffold or a gibbet." 我经常从书上读到一些忠君爱国的伟大功绩，因此就想见见那些建立了一些功勋的人物。一打听，我才知道他们的名字都没有记载下来，仅有的几个历史却又都把他们写成了最卑鄙无耻的恶棍和卖国贼。其余的人也都是我从来没有听说过的。这些人看上去全都神情沮丧、贫困潦倒，大多数都跟我说他们最后都穷愁潦倒而死，剩下的则上了断头台或者绞刑架。
Among others, there was one person, whose case appeared a little singular. He had a youth about eighteen years old standing by his side. He told me, "he had for many years been commander of a ship; and in the sea fight at Actium had the good fortune to break through the enemy's great line of battle, sink three of their capital ships, and take a fourth, which was the sole cause of Antony's flight, and of the victory that ensued; that the youth standing by him, his only son, was killed in the action. " He added, "that upon the confidence of some merit, the war being at an end, he went to Rome, and solicited at the court of Augustus to be preferred to a greater ship, whose commander had been killed; but, without any regard to his pretensions, it was given to a boy who had never seen the sea, the son of a libertina, who waited on one of the emperor's mistresses. Returning back to his own vessel, he was charged with neglect of duty, and the ship given to a favourite page of Publicola, the vice-admiral; whereupon he retired to a poor farm at a great distance from Rome, and there ended his life." I was so curious to know the truth of this story, that I desired Agrippa might be called, who was admiral in that fight. He appeared, and confirmed the whole account; but with much more advantage to the captain, whose modesty had extenuated or concealed a great part of his merit. 在这些人中间，有一个人的经历显得有点与众不同。他的身旁站着一个十八岁左右的青年。他对我说，他在一艘战舰上当过多年的舰长，在亚克星海战中曾幸运地冲破敌军的强大防线，将三艘主力舰击沉，又俘获了一艘——这是安东尼大兵逃跑以及他们大获全胜的唯一原因；站在他身边的那位青年是他的独子，也在这次战役中阵亡了。他接着说自己自恃有功，战争一结束就到了罗马，请求奥古斯都朝廷提拔他到另一艘更大的战舰上任职，那艘战舰的原任舰长阵亡了。可是朝廷不理睬他的要求，竟将舰长职位给了一名从没见过海的青年，他是皇帝的一个情妇的仆人利伯蒂娜的儿子。回到自己原来的舰上，他就被扣上了玩忽职守的罪名，战舰则移交给了海军副将普布利科拉的一位亲随。从此他退居到远离罗马的一个破农场，并在那里结束了自己的一生。我很想知道这个故事的真相，就请求长官把那次战役中任海军大将的阿格里帕召来。阿格里帕来了，他证明舰长所说毫无虚假，还说了舰长许多别的好话。舰长为人谦逊，让他少提或者不提自己的大部分功劳。
I was surprised to find corruption grown so high and so quick in that empire, by the force of luxury so lately introduced; which made me less wonder at many parallel cases in other countries, where vices of all kinds have reigned so much longer, and where the whole praise, as well as pillage, has been engrossed by the chief commander, who perhaps had the least title to either. 我发现在这个帝国里，奢侈之风最近才流行起来，腐化堕落就会发展得这么厉害、这么迅速，让我感到奇怪。所以发现与这类似的种种罪恶情形猖獗地在其他国家出现，我就不觉得太奇怪了。在那些国家里，功成名就和掠夺来的财富都被总司令一个人霸占，而事实上他可能最不配拥有这两者。
As every person called up made exactly the same appearance he had done in the world, it gave me melancholy reflections to observe how much the race of human kind was degenerated among us within these hundred years past; how the pox, under all its consequences and denominations had altered every lineament of an English countenance; shortened the size of bodies, unbraced the nerves, relaxed the sinews and muscles, introduced a sallow complexion, and rendered the flesh loose and rancid. 每个被召见的人，出现时的样子和他活在世上的时候完全一样。看到我们人类在这一百年中退化了那么多不免伤心起来。后果不同、种类不同的花柳梅毒这样彻底改变了英国人的面貌——使他们变得身材矮小，神经涣散，肌肉松弛，面色灰黄，赘肉恶臭。
I descended so low, as to desire some English yeoman of the old stamp might be summoned to appear; once so famous for the simplicity of their manners, diet, and dress; for justice in their dealings; for their true spirit of liberty; for their valour, and love of their country. Neither could I be wholly unmoved, after comparing the living with the dead, when I considered how all these pure native virtues were prostituted for a piece of money by their grand-children; who, in selling their votes and managing at elections, have acquired every vice and corruption that can possibly be learned in a court. 我居然卑贱到这种程度，提出要召几个古代的英国农民来见见面。他们曾经因风俗淳朴、衣食简单，做买卖公平交易，具有真正的自由精神，勇敢、爱国而闻名。我把活人和死人一比，满是感触。他们原有的纯朴美德都被子孙后代为了几个钱给卖光了；他们的子孙后代出卖选票，操纵选举，早就染上了那些只有在宫廷才能学得到的罪恶和腐化行为。